The Removal Of Congo Red Dye (CR) From Wastewater By Used Synthesized Activated Carbon Nanoparticles From Blueberry Seeds: Isotherms, Kinetics, And Thermodynamics Studies
Main Article Content
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) was made from blueberry seeds and was found to be nanosized, with a crystal size of 13.48 nm from XRD data and a grain size of 28.93 nm from FESEM. It was then used to remove an anionic dye, Congo red dye (CR), at various temperatures, pH levels, and adsorbent dosages. Langmuir and Freundlich models can be used to predict adsorption data. In terms of regression coefficients, the results show that the Freundlich model fit the data more than the Langmuir model. Free energy G, enthalpy H and adsorption entropy S were all calculated using isotherms to be -48.359 (K), -24.76 (K) and 0.0753 (K) respectively. Furthermore, the pseudo second order rate equation for adsorption was obtained through kinetic studies. Advanced carbon has the same adsorption capacity as other commercially available adsorbents despite its lower price. In contrast, the experimental data was completed by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory using the DFT technique. Theoretical and experimental results are found to agree well.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ali, H. Q., & Mohammed, A. A. (2020). Elimination of congo red dyes from aqueous solution using eichhornia crassipes. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 21(4), 21-32.
?Harja, M., Buema, G., & Bucur, D. (2022). Recent advances in removal of Congo Red dye by adsorption using an industrial waste. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-18.?
Nodehi, R., Shayesteh, H., & Kelishami, A. R. (2020). Enhanced adsorption of congo red using cationic surfactant functionalized zeolite particles. Microchemical Journal, 153, 104281.?
Gao, H. J., Wang, S. F., Fang, L. M., Sun, G. A., Chen, X. P., Tang, S. N., ... & Li, D. F. (2021). Nanostructured spinel-type M (M= Mg, Co, Zn) Cr2O4 oxides: novel adsorbents for aqueous Congo red removal. Materials Today Chemistry, 22, 100593.?
Jia, Y., Ding, L., Ren, P., Zhong, M., Ma, J., & Fan, X. (2020). Performances and mechanism of methyl orange and congo red adsorbed on the magnetic ion-exchange resin. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 65(2), 725-736.?
Ahsani-Namin, Z., Norouzbeigi, R., & Shayesteh, H. (2022). Green mediated combustion synthesis of copper zinc oxide using Eryngium planum leaf extract as a natural green fuel: Excellent adsorption capacity towards Congo red dye. Ceramics International.?
Karaman, C., Karaman, O., Show, P. L., Karimi-Maleh, H., & Zare, N. (2022). Congo red dye removal from aqueous environment by cationic surfactant modified-biomass derived carbon: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic modeling, and forecasting via artificial neural network approach. Chemosphere, 290, 133346.?
Hoijang, S., Kunakham, T., Nonkumwong, J., Faungnawakij, K., Ananta, S., Nimmanpipug, P., ... & Srisombat, L. (2021). Surface Modification of Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticles for Selective and Sustainable Remediation of Congo Red. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4(10), 10244-10256.?
Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, et al. Gaussian 03, Revision B.03. Pittsburgh:Gaussian; 2003.
Petersson GA, Bennett A, Tensfeldt TG, Al-Laham MA, Shirley WA, Mantzaris J. A complete basis set model chemistry. I. Thetotal energies of closed-shell atoms and hydrides of the first-row elements. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1988;89(4):2193-2218.
Neese F, Wennmohs F. ORCA, An ab Initio, DFT and semiempirical SCF-MO package, Version 2.9. Mulheim an der Ruhr: Max Planck Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry; 2012.
Becke DA, Density functional calculations of molecular bond energies. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1986;84(8):4524-4529.
Rheima, A. M., Mahmood, R. S., Hussain, D. H., & Abbas, Z. S. (2020). Study the adsorption ability of alizarin red dye from their aqueous solution on synthesized carbon nanotubes. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 15(4).?
Abouda, N. A., Jasima, B. E., & Rheimab, A. M. (2021). Methylene Orange dye removal in aqueous solution using synthesized CdO-MnO2 nanocomposite: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chalcogenide Letters, 18(5), 237-243.?
Rheima, A. M., Aboud, N. A., Jasim, B. E., Ismail, A. H., & Abbas, Z. S. (2021). Synthesis and structural characterization of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles via modification sol-gel prosses for assessment of their antimicrobial activity. International journal of pharmaceutical research, 13(1), 342-347.?
Zewde, D., & Geremew, B. (2022). Removal of Congo red using Vernonia amygdalina leaf powder: optimization, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 34(1), 88-101.?
M.I. Hossain, A. Kumer, Asian J. Phys. Chem. Sci., 2017, 3, 1-13.
Al Hamzi AH, Zarrok H, Zarrouk A, Salghi R, Hammouti B, AlDeyab SS, et al. The Role of Acridin-9(10H)-one in the Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion: Thermodynamic, Electrochemical and DFT Studies. International Journal Electrochemical Science.2013;8(2013):2586-2605.
Ramya K, Mohan R, Joseph A. Adsorption and electrochemical studies on the synergistic interaction of alkyl benzimadazoles and ethylene thiourea pair on mild steel in hydrochloric acid. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2014;45(6):3021-3032.
Obi-Egbedi N, Essien K, Obot I, Ebenso E. 1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid: Weight Loss and Quantum Chemical Study, International Journal Electrochemical Science. 2011;6:913-930.